DKG Validator Guide

DKG is currently only available on the Aeneid testnet. Mainnet support will follow in a future release.

Overview

Starting from the v1.6.0 upgrade, validators can participate in the DKG (Distributed Key Generation) committee. Participation requires running story-kernel, a TEE client that executes inside an Intel SGX enclave alongside your validator node. DKG participation is optional. You can continue running a validator without joining the DKG committee by keeping dkg.enable = false in your story.toml. What to know before joining:

SGX hardware required: your machine must have Intel SGX support
Self-undelegation is blocked while you are an active DKG committee member. You cannot unstake your own delegation until the current DKG round ends (~7 days with production parameters). Other delegators are not affected.
If your kernel goes down, your validator continues producing blocks normally. If the kernel restarts and the node finalizes successfully before the current round ends, it can rejoin that round; otherwise, it rejoins on the next one.

Hardware Requirements

story-kernel runs inside an SGX enclave that requires dedicated Enclave Page Cache (EPC) memory. The Gramine manifest configures a 4 GB enclave for the Go runtime and DKG cryptographic operations.

Resource	Minimum	Recommended	Notes
CPU	2 cores, Intel SGX	4+ cores	Xeon Platinum 8370C (Ice Lake-SP) or newer
RAM	8 GB	16 GB	Enclave uses 4 GB EPC; host needs the rest for story + geth
EPC Memory	4 GB	8 GB	Must be ≥ enclave_size (4 GB)
Disk	50 GB	128 GB+	Kernel data is small (~100 MB)

Supported cloud instances (Azure):

Instance Type	vCPUs	RAM	EPC	Notes
Standard_DC1s_v3	1	8 GB	4 GB	Meets minimum EPC but tight on RAM
Standard_DC2s_v3	2	16 GB	8 GB	Minimum recommended
Standard_DC4s_v3	4	32 GB	16 GB	Recommended
Standard_DC8s_v3	8	64 GB	32 GB	High-load validators
Standard_DC16s_v3+	16+	128+ GB	64+ GB	Up to DC48s_v3 (48 vCPUs, 384 GB, 256 GB EPC)

Bare metal is also supported: any Intel server with SGX enabled in BIOS. Check EPC size with dmesg | grep "sgx: EPC section". AMD SEV-SNP instances (e.g., Azure DCasv5) and ARM instances are not supported at the moment.

Software Requirements

All validators must use the exact same versions below to produce identical MRENCLAVE (code commitment) values.

Component	Required Version	Why
Ubuntu	24.04 LTS	Library paths are measured into MRENCLAVE
Go	1.24.0	Different versions produce different binaries
Gramine	1.9	Must be installed via apt, not built from source

Setup Guide

Step 1: Verify SGX Support

ls /dev/sgx_enclave && echo "SGX available" || echo "SGX NOT available"

If /dev/sgx_enclave does not exist, SGX is not supported or not enabled in BIOS/cloud settings.

Step 2: Install Dependencies

Intel SGX SDK and DCAP

sudo mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
wget -qO- https://download.01.org/intel-sgx/sgx_repo/ubuntu/intel-sgx-deb.key \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/keyrings/intel-sgx-keyring.asc > /dev/null
echo "deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/intel-sgx-keyring.asc arch=amd64]\
  https://download.01.org/intel-sgx/sgx_repo/ubuntu noble main" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/intel-sgx.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y build-essential cmake libssl-dev \
  libsgx-dcap-default-qpl libsgx-enclave-common libsgx-quote-ex

Configure PCCS

Edit /etc/sgx_default_qcnl.conf:

{
  "pccs_url": "https://global.acccache.azure.net/sgx/certification/v4/",
  "collateral_service": "https://global.acccache.azure.net/sgx/certification/v4/"
}

Install Gramine 1.9

sudo curl -fsSLo /usr/share/keyrings/gramine-keyring.gpg \
  https://packages.gramineproject.io/gramine-keyring.gpg
echo "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/gramine-keyring.gpg]\
  https://packages.gramineproject.io/ noble main" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gramine.list

sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y gramine=1.9

Step 3: Build Story-Kernel

git clone https://github.com/piplabs/story-kernel.git
cd story-kernel
git checkout <release-tag>    # use the tag from the upgrade announcement

make setup-cbmpc              # first time only
make build-with-cpp
make all-gramine

Note the MRENCLAVE value from the output:

Code Commitment:     mr_enclave: <64-char hex>

All validators must produce the same MRENCLAVE. If yours differs, verify you are on the exact same commit, OS version, Go version, and Gramine version.

Step 4: Set Up Data Directory

sudo mkdir -p /opt/story-kernel
sudo chown $USER:$USER /opt/story-kernel

Step 5: Initialize and Configure

Initialize

gramine-sgx story-kernel init --home /opt/story-kernel

Configure

Edit /opt/story-kernel/config.toml:

log-level = "info"

[grpc]
listen_addr = ":50051"

[light_client]
chain_id = "devnet-1"
rpc_addr = "http://localhost:26657"
primary_addr = "http://localhost:26657"
witness_addrs = ["http://<other_validator_1>:26657", "http://<other_validator_2>:26657"]
trusted_height = <recent_block_height>
trusted_hash = "<recent_block_hash>"

The trusted block must be within the last 2 weeks. The light client uses a trust period, so if the trusted block is older, header verification will fail. Get a recent trusted block:

curl -s 'http://localhost:26657/block' | python3 -c "
import json, sys
r = json.load(sys.stdin)['result']
print(f'trusted_height = {r[\"block\"][\"header\"][\"height\"]}')
print(f'trusted_hash =\"{r[\"block_id\"][\"hash\"]}\"')
"

Field	Description
`chain_id`	CL chain ID: `devnet-1` for Aeneid
`witness_addrs`	At least 2 CometBFT RPC endpoints for light client cross-validation. The same address can be repeated (e.g., `["http://x:26657", "http://x:26657"]`), but using 2 different validators is recommended for better security. Use internal/private IPs if on the same network.

Step 6: Configure Story Client

Apply the following changes to ~/.story/story/config/story.toml:

Add `engine-chain-id` (If Not Present)

engine-chain-id = 1315 # for Aeneid

Add DKG Options Section

#######################################################################
###                         DKG Options                             ###
#######################################################################

[dkg]
# Enable defines if the DKG client is enabled or not.
enable = true

# Comma-separated list of story-kernel (TEE) endpoints.
kernel-endpoints = ["127.0.0.1:50051"]

# The RPC endpoint of execution layer.
engine-rpc-endpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:8545"

# TEE enclave type identifier (1 for SGX).
enc-type = 1

# TLS configuration for kernel gRPC connections (optional).
#kernel-tls-ca-file = "/path/to/ca.crt"
#kernel-tls-cert-file = "/path/to/client.crt"
#kernel-tls-key-file = "/path/to/client.key"

Step 7: Start Services

Start order matters. Start story-kernel AFTER the chain is running, since the kernel needs CometBFT RPC (port 26657) for light client initialization.

Start Story-Kernel

sudo tee /etc/systemd/system/story-kernel.service > /dev/null <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=DATA Foundation DKG TEE Service
After=network.target

[Service]
User=$USER
WorkingDirectory=$HOME/story-kernel
ExecStart=/usr/bin/gramine-sgx story-kernel
Restart=always
RestartSec=5

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable story-kernel
sudo systemctl start story-kernel

SGX enclave loading takes 1-3 minutes. The process may appear stuck at “Parsing TOML manifest file”; this is normal.

Restart DATA Foundation

sudo systemctl restart story

Step 8: Verify

Kernel Running

sudo lsof -i :50051 | grep LISTEN
journalctl -u story-kernel --no-pager -n 20
# Look for: "gRPC server is started: :50051"

DATA Foundation Connected to Kernel

journalctl -u story --no-pager -n 100 | grep "Connected to kernel"
# Expected: Connected to kernel endpoint  endpoint=127.0.0.1:50051 code_commitment=<mrenclave>

DKG Registration

journalctl -u story --no-pager | grep "DKG_REG_STATUS_VERIFIED"

Troubleshooting

Kernel Won’t Start

Error	Fix
`/dev/sgx_enclave: No such file`	Enable SGX in BIOS or use an SGX-capable VM
Stuck at “Parsing TOML manifest file”	Normal, wait 1-3 minutes
`config not found`	Ensure config exists at `/opt/story-kernel/config.toml`
`height requested is too high`	Delete `/opt/story-kernel/light_client/` and restart with a fresh trusted block
`at least 2 witness addresses required`	Add at least 2 entries to `witness_addrs` in config

DKG Registration Fails

Error	Fix
`no kernel client for code commitment`	Check story logs for `Connected to kernel`; verify MRENCLAVE matches on-chain whitelist
`execution reverted`	DCAP attestation failed: check SGX setup and PCCS config
`Failed to generate the sealed key`	Check kernel logs for details

Light Client Issues

sudo systemctl stop story-kernel
rm -rf /opt/story-kernel/light_client/
# Update trusted_height and trusted_hash in config.toml
sudo systemctl start story-kernel

Important Notes

Self-Undelegation Restriction

While your validator is a finalized member of the active DKG round, self-undelegation is blocked. This prevents committee members from leaving mid-round, which could compromise threshold cryptography.

Only self-undelegation is blocked; other delegators can unstake normally
The restriction lifts when the current round ends
A full DKG round with production parameters takes approximately 7 days

Running Kernel on a Separate Machine

story-kernel can run on a dedicated SGX machine. Update kernel-endpoints in story.toml:

kernel-endpoints = ["<sgx-machine-ip>:50051"]

The SGX machine needs network access to your CometBFT RPC (port 26657).

Additional Information

Build Environment

Component	Version
Ubuntu	24.04.4 LTS
Go	1.24.0
Gramine	1.9 (apt)
gramine-ratls-dcap	1.9
story-kernel	v0.1.0 (tag)
cb-mpc	v0.0.1-alpha

Enclave Measurement

The measurements below correspond to story-kernel release v0.1.0. They can change when story-kernel or its measured build inputs are upgraded.

MRENCLAVE:   6b2fb25e0084ad6ecbf6cfcefe09e2fa0fca2b84092f72c01f8fe98e9d7db5cd
Binary hash: 320a744e87426e36de63ebc8c7ff3af23e00ac7b29ad6093acdafd0bb029ca36

FAQ

Do I need SGX to run a validator? No. SGX is only needed for DKG committee participation. Set dkg.enable = false to run without it. What happens if my kernel goes down? Your validator continues producing blocks. If the kernel restarts and the node finalizes successfully before the current DKG round ends, it can rejoin that round; otherwise, it rejoins on the next one. What is MRENCLAVE? A cryptographic hash of the SGX enclave contents. All validators must produce the same value to participate in the same DKG committee. Can I opt out after joining? Yes. Set dkg.enable = false and restart story. You stop participating after the current round ends.

Get Started

The Data Stack

DATA Network

Notices

Overview

Hardware Requirements

Software Requirements

Setup Guide

Step 1: Verify SGX Support

Step 2: Install Dependencies

Intel SGX SDK and DCAP

Configure PCCS

Install Gramine 1.9

Step 3: Build Story-Kernel

Step 4: Set Up Data Directory

Step 5: Initialize and Configure

Initialize

Configure

Step 6: Configure Story Client

Add `engine-chain-id` (If Not Present)

Add DKG Options Section

Step 7: Start Services

Start Story-Kernel

Restart DATA Foundation

Step 8: Verify

Kernel Running

DATA Foundation Connected to Kernel

DKG Registration

Troubleshooting

Kernel Won’t Start

DKG Registration Fails

Light Client Issues

Important Notes

Self-Undelegation Restriction

Running Kernel on a Separate Machine

Additional Information

Build Environment

Enclave Measurement

FAQ

​Overview

​Hardware Requirements

​Software Requirements

​Setup Guide

​Step 1: Verify SGX Support

​Step 2: Install Dependencies

​Intel SGX SDK and DCAP

​Configure PCCS

​Install Gramine 1.9

​Step 3: Build Story-Kernel

​Step 4: Set Up Data Directory

​Step 5: Initialize and Configure

​Initialize

​Configure

​Step 6: Configure Story Client

​Add engine-chain-id (If Not Present)

​Add DKG Options Section

​Step 7: Start Services

​Start Story-Kernel

​Restart DATA Foundation

​Step 8: Verify

​Kernel Running

​DATA Foundation Connected to Kernel

​DKG Registration

​Troubleshooting

​Kernel Won’t Start

​DKG Registration Fails

​Light Client Issues

​Important Notes

​Self-Undelegation Restriction

​Running Kernel on a Separate Machine

​Additional Information

​Build Environment

​Enclave Measurement

​FAQ

Overview

Hardware Requirements

Software Requirements

Setup Guide

Step 1: Verify SGX Support

Step 2: Install Dependencies

Intel SGX SDK and DCAP

Configure PCCS

Install Gramine 1.9

Step 3: Build Story-Kernel

Step 4: Set Up Data Directory

Step 5: Initialize and Configure

Initialize

Configure

Step 6: Configure Story Client

Add `engine-chain-id` (If Not Present)

Add DKG Options Section

Step 7: Start Services

Start Story-Kernel

Restart DATA Foundation

Step 8: Verify

Kernel Running

DATA Foundation Connected to Kernel

DKG Registration

Troubleshooting

Kernel Won’t Start

DKG Registration Fails

Light Client Issues

Important Notes

Self-Undelegation Restriction

Running Kernel on a Separate Machine

Additional Information

Build Environment

Enclave Measurement

FAQ